# P Value from Z Score Calculator

## P value of the test

P-value of the test is the probability that the test statistic under null hypothesis will take on values as extreme as or more extreme than the observed value of test statistic.

The smaller p-value of the test indicate strong evidence against the null hypothesis $H_0$.

In this tutorial we discuss about how to find p value from Z score. The p-value of the Z score depends on the direction of the alternative hypothesis.

## p-Value for Z-score

If the test statistic $Z$ has standard normal distribution, then the $p$-value of the test for testing

a. left-tailed hypothesis is $p$-value = $P(Z\leq z_{obs})$.

b. right-tailed hypothesis is $p$-value = $P(Z\geq z_{obs})$.

c. two-tailed hypothesis is $p$-value = $2P(Z\geq |Z_{obs}|)$.

#### Interpretation from p-value

If the $p$-value of the test is less than or equal to the level of significance ($\alpha$) (i.e., $p \leq \alpha$), we reject the null hypothesis $H_0$ at $\alpha$ level of significance.

If the $p$-value of the test is greater than the level of significance ($\alpha$) (i.e., $p > \alpha$), we fail to reject the null hypothesis $H_0$ at $\alpha$ level of significance.

## P value from Z Score Calculator

Use this calculator to compute the P value from Z score.

P Value from Z score Calculator
Z score : ($z$)
Tail : Left tailedRight tailedTwo tailed
Results
P-value:

## How to find P Value from Z Score calculator?

Step 1 - Enter the value of Z score value.

Step 2 - Select the alternative hypothesis (i.e. Left-tailed / Right-tailed / Two-tailed)

Step 3 - Click on "Calculate" button to get the p-value from z score.

## Example 1 - Find p value for right tailed test from Z score

Find the P value for a right-tailed hypothesis testing problem with a z test statistic $Z_{obs}=2.65$. What is your decision if the level of significance is $\alpha = 0.05$?

#### Solution

The test statistic is $Z_{obs}=2.65$. The alternative hypothesis is right-tailed.

Because the alternative hypothesis is right-tailed, the $p$-value of the test is given by

 \begin{aligned} p&=P(Z\geq Z_{obs})\\ &=P(Z\geq 2.65)\\ &= 0.004 \end{aligned}

Because the p-value ($0.004$) is $\text{less than}$ the significance level $\alpha = 0.05$, we $\text{reject}$ the null hypothesis at $0.05$ level of significance.

## Example 2 - Find p value for left tailed test from Z score

Find the P-value for a left-tailed hypothesis testing problem with a z test statistic $Z_{obs}=-2.023$. What is your decision if the level of significance is $\alpha = 0.01$?

#### Solution

The z test statistic is $Z_{obs}=-2.023$. The alternative hypothesis is left-tailed.

Because the alternative hypothesis is left-tailed, the P-value of the test is given by
 \begin{aligned} p&=P(Z\leq Z_{obs})\\ &=P(Z\leq -2.023)\\ &= 0.0215 \end{aligned}

Because the p-value ($0.0215$) is $\text{greater than}$ the significance level $\alpha = 0.01$, we $\text{fail to reject}$ the null hypothesis at $0.01$ level of significance.

## Example 3 - Find p-value for two tailed test from z-score

Find the p value for a two-tailed hypothesis testing problem with a z test statistic $Z_{obs}=1.674$. What is your decision if the level of significance is $\alpha = 0.05$.

#### Solution

The test statistic is $Z_{obs}=1.674$. The alternative hypothesis is two-tailed.

Because the alternative hypothesis is two-tailed, the P-value of the test is given by

 \begin{aligned} p&=2*P(Z\geq |Z_{obs}|)\\ &=2*P(Z\geq |1.674|)\\ &=2*0.0471\\ &= 0.0942 \end{aligned}

Because the p-value ($0.0942$) is $\text{greater than}$ the significance level $\alpha = 0.05$, we $\text{fail to reject}$ the null hypothesis at $0.05$ level of significance.

## Z-tests calculators

Here you will find some easy to use statistics calculators with illustrated examples on Z-tests.

## Conclusion

In this tutorial, you learned about how to find the p-value from z-score. You also learned about how to solve numerical problems based on p-value for z-test.